Conditions & syndromes · England
Hydrocephalus
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This guide is for people in England.
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Your brain has fluid around it.
Hydrocephalus means too much fluid has collected inside the brain.
This can put pressure on the brain.
A specialist can explain the treatment you need.
Some people have a tube called a shunt.
It helps fluid drain away.
People can have different support needs.
Hydrocephalus does not always cause a learning disability.
Ask which changes need urgent help.
Keep the hospital contact details somewhere easy to find.
Tell people what helps you learn and do everyday things.
Your support should fit your needs.
What you can do next
Please explain my treatment and what to do if symptoms change.
Read NHS hydrocephalus information Web pageThis link opens another website.
It may use harder words.
Hydrocephalus
Understanding fluid build-up in the brain and ongoing support.
Children and adults · England · General information
Understand the condition
The brain normally contains and is surrounded by fluid called cerebrospinal fluid. Hydrocephalus develops when too much collects in the brain’s fluid spaces. This can increase pressure. It may be present from birth or develop later, for example after illness or injury. Specialist assessment is important.
Do not assume the same effects
Some people have difficulties with memory, concentration, coordination or learning; others have different or fewer difficulties. Hydrocephalus does not automatically mean someone has a learning disability. New cognitive difficulties in adulthood also need their own assessment. Ask which changes relate to the person’s condition and treatment.
Discuss treatment and follow-up
Treatment often involves surgery to drain fluid using a shunt. Some people can have another procedure called endoscopic third ventriculostomy, or ETV. The neurosurgical team should explain why an option is suitable, its risks and how follow-up will work. Both procedures can require further medical attention later.
Know when to seek help
Symptoms depend on age and the type of hydrocephalus. They can include headache, vomiting, unusual sleepiness, changes in vision or difficulty walking. Ask for written instructions on urgent warning signs and who to contact. If a shunt is already fitted, use its urgent-care plan and our shunt guide.
Arrange everyday support
Tell education, work or care teams about the practical help the person needs. Allow time for information and check understanding without making assumptions about ability. Keep treatment details with the health or hospital passport. Review communication, mobility and other support according to the individual’s needs and goals.
Words you could use
“Please explain my treatment and what to do if symptoms change.”
Where the information comes from
Links checked 27 October 2026.
These links open other websites.
They may use harder words.
- NHS: hydrocephalus Web page
Causes, diagnosis and possible longer-term effects.
- NHS: hydrocephalus symptoms Web page
Symptoms vary with age and type.
- NHS: hydrocephalus treatment Web page
Shunts, ETV and follow-up.